Sun, Sea, and Second Homes: Understanding British Migration to Spain

Dr. Anshu Rawat, Dr. Ajay Kumar Sharma

Abstract

This paper traces the migration history of British people to Spain. Initially, around the 1950s-1960s migration to Spain was predominated by a small number of wealthy upper classes intellectuals and professionals. The 1960s saw the growth of the tourism industry coupled with advancement in transportation technology making it cheaper to travel long distances, increase in disposable incomes, paid holidays and increase in leisure time, all of which made travelling a widespread practice. In the 1970s Britain saw a decline in economy and an increase in cost of living. On the other hand, Spain witnessed growth, development and encouraged foreign investment and purchase of and property. Thus, a large number of British people migrated to Spain, many to its coastal areas such as Valencia. Among these, retirees formed the majority. The migration of a large number of British retirees was a consequence of economic aspects (cheaper houses, food and drinks), warmer climate which was considered beneficial for health and finally the desire to live a simple, scenic and rural life.  Despite, their considerably long stay, the British are not well versed in the Spanish language and many of them plan on permanently residing in Spain.

📄 [PDF]   
Published: December 2024 [Vol. 07, No. 12]

Reimagining Gender and Selfhood: An Analysis of Fluid Identities in Rituparno Ghosh’s Chitrangada: The Crowning Wish

Sarabjeet Lahiri, Mr. Aniruddha Lahiri

Abstract 

Rituparno Ghosh’s Chitrangada: The Crowning Wish (2012) offers a subversive reimagining of Rabindranath Tagore’s original dance drama through a queer and gender-fluid lens. This paper interrogates the film’s complex negotiation of identity, embodiment, and societal conformity, positioning Ghosh’s work within broader discourses of gender performativity, as articulated by theorists such as Judith Butler. Through a nuanced interweaving of autobiographical resonances and mythic narrative structures, Chitrangada destabilizes the rigid binaries of masculine and feminine, advocating for an understanding of gender as a fluid, mutable construct. The protagonist’s quest for bodily and existential transformation emerges as both an act of resistance and self-affirmation within a heteronormative socio-cultural milieu. By foregrounding the lived realities of gender non-conforming individuals, Ghosh expands the representational possibilities of Indian cinema, challenging dominant heteropatriarchal frameworks. This study argues that Chitrangada ultimately envisions identity as a performative, evolving articulation of personal truth, offering a critical site for reimagining the politics of body, desire, and selfhood in contemporary India. 

📄 [PDF]   
Published: May 2025 [Vol. 08, No. 05]