Stress among Secondary School Students with Respect to their Locale and Emotional Intelligence

Dheeraj Sharma, Dr. Suman Kumari

Abstract 

The purpose of this study is to assess the status of stress among secondary school students with respect to their locale and emotional intelligence.  For this, descriptive research under survey technique was used. Total sample of 1100 secondary school students were selected through incidental sampling technique. The data were collected with the help of two standardized tools i.e. Students Stress Scale by Akhtar (2011) and Emotional Intelligence Scaleby Singh and Narain (2014). The collected data were analyzed using the statistical method of analysis of variance (Two-way). Results of the study revealed that there exists no significant area-wise difference in secondary school students. The result inferred that secondary school students possessing different level of emotional intelligence did not differed significantly from each other with regard to their stress.  Further, the study also revealed that area and emotional intelligence interacted significantly with respect to stress of secondary school students. The educational implications have been discussed at the end of the paper.

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Published: July 2025 [Vol. 08, No. 07]

Exploring the Duality of the Archetype, The Great Mother by Erich Neumann and the Imagery of Goddess Kali in Voices in the City by Anita Desai

Prachi Rout

Abstract 

This research delves into the duality of the archetype The Great Mother, as conceptualized by Erich Neumann, through a comparative analysis with the representation of Goddess Kali in Anita Desai's novel Voices in the City. Neumann's interpretation of The Great Mother encompasses a broad spectrum of maternal archetypes, ranging from nurturing and generative to destructive and devouring forces. This duality reflects the complexity of maternal figures as both life-giving and life-destroying, embodying the paradox inherent in the Great Mother archetype. Desai's portrayal of Kali, a multifaceted deity revered in Hindu tradition, serves as a vivid literary exploration of this duality. Kali's multifaceted persona symbolizes similar themes of fertility, destruction, and transformation within the urban landscape of postcolonial India. This duality is reflected in Nirode’s evolving perception of Calcutta, where his initial feelings of alienation and fear gradually shift to a deeper appreciation of the transformative power inherent in destruction. By examining the thematic and symbolic intersections between Neumann's psychological framework and Desai's narrative depiction, this research aims to illuminate how Voices in the City reflects and reinterprets the dual nature of The Great Mother through the lens of Kali. This comparative analysis seeks to enhance our understanding of the archetypal Great Mother by highlighting how literature can both echo and transform psychological concepts, offering new insights into the interplay between mythological imagery and narrative form.

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Published: July 2025 [Vol. 08, No. 07]